{"id":11652,"date":"2024-03-28T09:40:57","date_gmt":"2024-03-28T12:40:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ilsabrasil.com.br\/?p=11652"},"modified":"2024-04-16T12:41:52","modified_gmt":"2024-04-16T15:41:52","slug":"a-importancia-dos-nutrientes-calcio-e-boro-na-cultura-do-cafeeiro","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ilsabrasil.com.br\/en\/a-importancia-dos-nutrientes-calcio-e-boro-na-cultura-do-cafeeiro\/","title":{"rendered":"The importance of calcium and boron nutrients in coffee crops"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0Mineral nutrition is one of the main obstacles related to management that prevents high productivity gains in coffee farming, as this crop has characteristics of high nutritional requirements due to the high amounts of nutrients required for the vegetative growth of the plant and fruit formation (LAVIOLA et al. 2007; PARTELLI et al. 2014).\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0According to Barbosa et al. (2011), coffee bean productivity is influenced by the soil in which it is produced, since physical characteristics such as relief, the presence of gravel in the soil, depth, texture, and the capacity to retain water and nutrients influence the crop. In addition, there is interference due to the interaction of the genotype and the environment, with the number of plants per hectare being one of the most relevant factors in the phenotypic expression of cultivars and in the productivity of Arabica coffee (<\/span>CUST\u00d3DIO et al., 2023)<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0Today we are going to talk about two important nutrients for coffee crops, which have low mobility within the plant, the secondary macronutrient calcium and the micronutrient boron.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0Boron and calcium are characterized by having low <\/span>mobility in the phloem and redistribute little in the plant <\/span>(Figure 1)<\/span>, therefore, the nutritional deficiency of both occurs in the youngest organs (MALAVOLTA, 1980). Boron is important in the translocation of sugars and in the formation of the cell wall; calcium acts in the formation of calcium pectate, present in the middle lamella of the cell wall (DA SILVA et al., 2006). The adequate supply of boron and calcium to plants is essential for the normal development of fruits and seeds, acting in the germination of the pollen grain and in the growth of the pollen tube (WOODS, 1994; MARSCHNER, 1995). In addition, boron deficiency leads to a decrease in the calcium content in the leaf, affecting its absorption and translocation in the plant (YAMAUCHI et al., 1986; PENALOSA et al., 1987; FAGERIA, 2001).<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"\"
Figure 1 - Elements such as Ca, S, B, Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn and Mo, because they are considered to have very low mobility of redistribution in the plant, end up showing their deficiency symptoms in the youngest leaves and other growth organs. (Source: SQM-vitas).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0Ca is the second most accumulated macronutrient by the coffee plant, behind only N. In plants, it is absorbed as Ca<\/span>2+<\/span> and has little mobility in the phloem. Its deficiency reduces the development of the root system, in addition to influencing the structure and resistance of the plant cell wall (<\/span>COVRE, PARTELLI, 2013).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0Calcium is responsible for the structural and physiological stability of plant tissues. It regulates the permeability processes of cells and tissues and has an enzyme activator function (PRADO, 2020). It also plays an important role in maintaining the integrity of the cell wall, which is of enormous importance in preventing infection by pests and diseases as a physical barrier (<\/span>BARCELLOS, 2021).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0In addition to structurally composing compounds such as pectate, carbonate, oxalate, phosphate, calmodulins and annexins; it acts in the enzymatic regulation of ATPase, alpha amylase, phospholipase, nucleases and polygalacturonase, as well as in the functioning of membranes, in the transport of auxins, abscission and senescence, among other metabolic processes (LI et al. 2009).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0In coffee, boron interferes with the development and fertilization process of flowers, preventing abortion, and participating in cell division and growth (<\/span>VERDIN FILHO et al., 2013)<\/span>. According to Guimar\u00e3es and Mendes (1997), B deficiency can cause the death of terminal buds, resulting in \u201cfan\u201d-shaped oversprouting, with deformed, small, narrow, twisted leaves with irregular edges. Since boron is important in the formation of the pollen tube during fertilization, its deficiency causes flower abortion and, consequently, a reduction in coffee productivity.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0The micronutrient boron (B) is a limiting factor for agricultural areas and its correction in Brazilian soils is extremely important for increasing productivity (SANTINI et al., 2015).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0The use of B, especially for grains and coffee, is important due to its dynamics in the soil. Adequate knowledge about the management of this nutrient has a positive impact on the productivity and quality of harvested products (FLORES et al., 2018; SAKO et al., 2016).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0For coffee crops, B can be supplied at the time of soil application of fungicides\/insecticides (October\u2013November), choosing highly soluble sources such as boric acid or sodium octaborate (MATIELLO; FACUNDES, 2016). Another way to supply B to coffee is by using formulated fertilizers that contain boron in their composition, so that part of the boron dose is provided in each fertilization (TOMICIOLI et al., 2021).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0For coffee trees in production, fertilization can be done in the projection of the canopy using B sources or in a mixture with formulated fertilizers. For sandy or medium-textured soils, slower-solubility sources can be used, applied in the projection of the canopy, in order to reduce leaching processes (TOMICIOLI et al., 2021). For coffee trees at the time of planting or formation, use B when the content is low, applying 0.6 g per plant in the planting hole or furrow.<\/span>-1<\/span>of B (GUIMAR\u00c3ES et al., 1999). In this situation, use low solubility sources to make the nutrient available slowly to the plants, such as ulexite. <\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0Foliar fertilization aims to supply nutrients to plants in a more readily absorbable form, and can help correct nutritional deficiencies, serving as a complement to soil fertilization (<\/span>VERDIN FILHO et al., 2013)<\/span>. Foliar fertilization is a valuable alternative that should be used in specific situations or as a complement to soil fertilization. According to Taiz & Zeiger (2009), most plants can absorb mineral nutrients applied to the leaves.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0According to Faquin (2005), there are four conditions under which foliar fertilization should be carried out:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0Corrective foliar fertilization:<\/strong> aims to correct nutritional deficiencies that may occur during the crop cycle, taking into account rapid responses to the application of foliar fertilizer;\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0Preventive foliar fertilization:<\/strong> It should be carried out when a nutrient is not in the concentration considered ideal and its application via soil is not efficient.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0Complementary foliar fertilization:<\/strong> In this case, foliar fertilization serves as a complement to soil fertilization, that is, part of the nutrient(s) is applied via soil and the remainder via foliar fertilization.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0Supplemental foliar fertilization:<\/strong> It is a specific case in which foliar fertilization is carried out as an additional investment, for example, in situations where the objective is to achieve high coffee productivity.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0For adult crops, it is common to apply calcium and boron before flowering, with the aim of strengthening and increasing the rate of setting of coffee flowers.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0The supply of Ca and B via soil prevents the onset of nutritional deficiencies of these elements in younger organs. Both have a strong interaction with the soil, and Ca content decreases when there is excess B in the soil, while low Ca content causes B deficiencies (MALAVOLTA, 1997). Interactions between B and Ca increase the margins of dose-error responses based on the recommendation of dose-responses carried out in rural developments, highlighting the need for scientific research (GANIE, 2013). Fertilization of these nutrients via foliar application is also seen as an alternative to reduce the interference of interactions that occur in the soil in plant absorption.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0According to Malavolta et al. (2002), even in times of low production, the coffee plant's demand for nutrients remains, because when fruiting is low, the growth of plagiotropic branches and the formation of new leaves and branches replace the fruit as a drain of carbohydrates and nutrients. The use of fertilizers must follow strict criteria, seeking to optimize their use in order to achieve the highest productivity with the lowest possible costs (CORR\u00caA et al. 2001).<\/span><\/p>\n

ILSA FERTILIZERS FOR CALCIUM AND BORON SUPPLY<\/b><\/h2>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0Fertilization of calcium and boron nutrients via the soil is an essential practice to ensure the increase in the productive ceiling of coffee cultivars. ILSA BRASIL has in its portfolio the organic fertilizer FERTIL Boro <\/span>\u00ae<\/span>. FERTILE Boron <\/span>\u00ae<\/span> has in its composition the organic matrix AZOGEL<\/span>\u00ae<\/span>, rich in organic nitrogen and carbon and 16 essential amino acids for plant metabolism, combined with a mineral source of boron. As seen in the text, the nutrient boron has low mobility in the phloem, therefore, the presence of amino acids from the AZOGEL matrix<\/span>\u00ae<\/span> enhances the absorption of this nutrient by the plant, as well as its redistribution, as amino acids have a nutrient-carrying function.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0FERTILE Boron <\/span>\u00ae<\/span> In addition to providing boron more efficiently, it provides organic nitrogen and carbon that enhance the biological activity of the soil, contributing to the cycling of nutrients and the increase of organic substances present in the organic matter of the soil. FERTIL Boron <\/span>\u00ae<\/span> for soil application, has a granulated formulation and should be applied to the skirt of the coffee plant.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0In addition to supplying via soil, ILSA BRASIL has ILSAMIN Boro fertilizers in its portfolio.<\/span>\u00ae<\/span> and ILSAMIN CaMg <\/span>\u00ae<\/span> for supplying boron and calcium via foliar application, in order to correct possible deficiencies of these nutrients and complement the supply via soil, quickly, punctually and efficiently. The fertilizers mentioned are obtained by combining the GELAMIN matrix<\/span>\u00ae<\/span> with mineral sources of nutrients. The amino acids present in GELAMIN<\/span>\u00ae<\/span> provide a greater speed of absorption of these nutrients by plants.<\/span><\/p>\n

References<\/span><\/h2>\n

BARBOSA, J\u00falio C\u00e9sar et al. Characterization of vertical and horizontal resistance of coffee plants to rust (Hemileia vastatrix Berk. & Br) in a Timor Hybrid accession. 2005.<\/span><\/p>\n

BARCELLOS, Ronildo. Influence of fertigation location on coffee macronutrient content.<\/span> FEDERAL INSTITUTE OF ESPIRITO SANTO,<\/span> 2021.<\/span><\/p>\n

COVRE, AM; PARTELLI, FL Calcium concentration and accumulation in irrigated and non-irrigated conilon coffee plants in the state of Bahia. 2013.<\/span><\/p>\n

CORR\u00caA, JO\u00c3O BATISTA et al. Evaluation of soil fertility and nutritional status of coffee plants in the South of Minas Gerais. Science and Agrotechnology, v. 25, n. 6, p. 1279-1286, 2001.<\/span><\/p>\n

CUST\u00d3DIO, Felipe Varize et al. Analysis of Arabica coffee production costs in the pole regions of Brazil. Accounting Journal of the Master's Degree in Accounting Sciences of UERJ, v. 26, n. 1, p. 121-136, 2023.<\/span><\/p>\n

DA SILVA, Tiago Roque Benetoli et al. Foliar application of boron and calcium in common bean. Scientific, v. 34, n. 1, p. 46-52, 2006.<\/span><\/p>\n

FAGERIA, VD Nutrient interactions in crop plants. Journal of Plant Nutrition, New York, v.24, p.1269-1290, 2001.<\/span><\/p>\n

FAQUIN, Valdemar. Mineral nutrition of plants. Lavras: UFLA\/Faepe, v. 183, 2005.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

FLORES, RAet al. Grain Yield of Phaseolus vulgaris in a function of application of boron in soil. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, vol. 18, no. 1, p.144-156, 2018.<\/span><\/p>\n

GANIE, Mumtaz A. et al. Boron\u2014a critical nutrient element for plant growth and productivity with reference to temperate fruits. Current Science, p. 76-85, 2013.<\/span><\/p>\n

GUIMAR\u00c3ES, RJ; MENDES, ANG Mineral Nutrition of Coffee Plants. Lavras: UFLA\/FAEPE, 70p., 1997.<\/span><\/p>\n

GUIMAR\u00c3ES, PTG et al. Coffee. In: RIBEIRO, AC et al. ed. Recommendations for the use of correctives and fertilizers in Minas Gerais, 5th Approximation. Vi\u00e7osa, MG, Minas Gerais State Soil Fertility Commission \u2013 CFSEMG. p.289-302, .1999.<\/span><\/p>\n

LAVIOLA, Bruno Galv\u00eaas et al. Nutrient accumulation in coffee fruits at two cultivation altitudes: Micronutrients. Brazilian Journal of Soil Science, v. 31, p. 1439-1449, 2007.<\/span><\/p>\n

LI, Shi-Weng et al. Mediators, genes and signaling in adventitious rooting. The Botanical Review, vol. 75, p. 230-247, 2009.<\/span><\/p>\n

MALAVOLTA, E. Elements of mineral nutrition of plants. S\u00e3o Paulo: Agron\u00f4mica Ceres, 251p. 1980.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Malavolta, E.; Vitti, GC; Oliveira, S. A. de. Assessment of the nutritional status of 473 plants: principles and applications, 2nd ed., Piracicaba: POTAFOS. 319, 1997.<\/span><\/p>\n

MALAVOLTA, Eur\u00edpedes et al. Nutrient distribution in coffee branches, leaves and flowers. Brazilian agricultural research, v. 37, p. 1017-1022, 2002.<\/span><\/p>\n

MARSCHNER, H. Mineral nutrition of higher plants. London: Academic Press. 889p, 1995.<\/span><\/p>\n

MATIELLO, JB; FAGUNDES, AV Use of boron via drench in coffee plantations. Coffee Technology Club, Varginha, 2016.<\/span><\/p>\n

PARTELLI, F\u00e1bio Luiz et al. Dry matter and macronutrient accumulation in fruits of conilon coffee with different ripening cycles. Brazilian Journal of Soil Science, v. 38, p. 214-222, 2014.<\/span><\/p>\n

PENALOSA, JM; ZORNOZA, P.; CARPENA, O. Studies on boron and manganese deficiencies in tomato plants. Anales de Edafologia and Agrobiologia, Madrid. v.56, p.749-58, 1987.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

PRADO, R. De M. Plant nutrition. 2nd ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

SAKO, H. et al. Decisive factors for achieving soybean productivity above 4,200 kg\/ha. Technical Circular 2, Strategic Committee Soja Brasil, Sorocaba, 29p, 2016.<\/span><\/p>\n

SANTINI, JMK et al. Boron fertilization in soybean crops in cerrado areas. XXXV Brazilian Congress of Soil Science, Natal -RN, 2015.<\/span><\/p>\n

SANTOS, Mayara de Sousa dos. Pineapple cultivation cv. Turia\u00e7u under liming and boron levels in Dystrophic Yellow Latosol.<\/span> FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF MARANH\u00c3O.<\/span> 2020.<\/span><\/p>\n

TOMICIOLI, Rafael Magro et al. Productivity limitation due to boron deficiency in soybean, corn, bean and coffee crops. South American Sciences, v. 2, n. 1, p. e21100-e21100, 2021.<\/span><\/p>\n

WOODS, WG An introduction to boron: history, sources, uses, and chemistry. Environmental Health Perspectives, Washington, v.102, n.7, p.5-11, 1994.<\/span><\/p>\n

YAMAUCHI, T.; HARA, T.; SONIDA, Y. Distribution of calcium and boron in the pectin fraction of tomato leaf cell wall. Plant and Cell Physiology, Rockville, v.27, p.729-732, 1986.<\/span><\/p>\n

TAIZ, L. & ZEIGER, E. Plant physiology. 4 Ed.. Porto Alegre: Artmed. 2009. 848p.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

VERDIN FILHO, Abra\u00e3o Carlos et al. Foliar fertilization of coffee plants. Special topics in crop production IV, v. 1, 2013.<\/span><\/p>\n

ZEIST, Andr\u00e9 R. et al. Agronomic characteristics of tomato plant cultivar Santa Cruz Kada grafted on species of the genus Solanum. Horticultura Brasileira, v. 35, p. 419-424, 2017.<\/span><\/p>\n

Authors<\/span><\/h2>\n

Agr Eng. Dr. Ang\u00e9lica Schmitz Heinzen<\/span><\/p>\n

Agricultural Eng. Msc. Carolina Custodio Pinto<\/span><\/p>\n

Agricultural Eng. Msc. Thiago Stella de Freitas<\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0A nutri\u00e7\u00e3o mineral se mostra como um dos principais obst\u00e1culos relacionados ao manejo que impossibilita o ganho de elevada produtividade na cafeicultura, pois esta cultura possui caracter\u00edsticas de alta exig\u00eancia nutricional em fun\u00e7\u00e3o das elevadas quantidades necess\u00e1rias de nutrientes para o\u00a0 crescimento vegetativo da planta e forma\u00e7\u00e3o dos frutos (LAVIOLA et […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":11654,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[137,172,97,173,174],"tags":[204,319,141,267,191,192,314,315,320,98,179,243,321,312,317,241,318,313,144,316,147],"class_list":["post-11652","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-fertilizante-organomineral","category-fertilizantes","category-fertilizantes-organicos","category-organicos","category-organomineral","tag-adubacao","tag-adubacao-foliar","tag-azogel","tag-boro","tag-cafe","tag-cafeeiro","tag-cafeicultura","tag-calcio","tag-fertil-boro","tag-fertilizantes","tag-gelamin","tag-graos","tag-ilsamin-boro","tag-ilsamin-camg","tag-macronutriente","tag-manejo","tag-micronutriente","tag-nutricao-mineral","tag-nutrientes","tag-planta","tag-solo"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nA import\u00e2ncia dos nutrientes c\u00e1lcio e boro na cultura do cafeeiro | ILSA - 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